The 9K31 Strela-1 (Russian: 9К31 «Стрела-1»; English: arrow) is a highly mobile, short-range, low altitude infra-red guided surface-to-air missile system. It is commonly known by its NATO reporting name, SA-9 "Gaskin." The system consists of a BRDM-2 amphibious vehicle, mounting two pairs of ready-to-fire 9M31 missiles.

Development History

The 9K31 Strela-1 was developed alongside the Soviet MANPADS 9K32M "Strela-2" in the 1960s. It was originally intended as a man-portable system but later evolved into a regimental vehicle-mounted SAM to support the ZSU-23-4. The missile's design underwent significant changes, resulting in a heavier but more capable system than the Strela-2.

Vehicle

Each TEL (Transporter Erector Launcher) carries four ready-to-fire missiles, with no provision for reloading on the vehicle. The vehicle has infra-red vision systems for the driver and commander and offers standard NBC (Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical) protection. The missiles fold down to the sides of the turret to reduce the vehicle's height during transport. Each vehicle weighs around 7 tonnes and is equipped with a 104 kW (140 hp) engine and a central tire pressure control system.

Key Features

• The SA-9 Gaskin employs 9M31 surface-to-air missiles.
• Mounted on a wheeled chassis for mobility and rapid deployment.
• Command guidance with radio command link for mid-course updates.
• Designed for short-range engagements of up to 2.5 nautical miles.
• Primarily intended to engage low-flying aircraft and helicopters.

Deployment

The Strela-1 was deployed in short-range air defense batteries of Soviet motor rifle and tank regiments. Each battery consisted of a gun platoon of four ZSU-23-4 Shilkas and a SAM platoon with four Strela-1 vehicles. The SAM platoon included one TEL fitted with a passive radar detection system (9S16 "Flat Box") and several additional TELs without radar systems. The radar detection system provided 360-degree coverage without emitting radar energy, aiding in target acquisition.

In Russia, the 9K31 Strela-1 system was eventually superseded by the 9K35 Strela-10.